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Taking rapamycin does not appear to improve the benefits of physical exercise on physical fitness and may even attenuate them.
Brad Stanfield reports here the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the combination of rapamycin and exercise in healthy adults. This recently published study observes that the supplemented group did not show superior improvement, with some signals even suggesting a reduction in expected muscular adaptations. These results are consistent with an emerging body of literature on geroprotectors, which highlights that inhibiting the mTOR pathway—while promising for cellular longevity—could interfere with post-workout muscle growth processes. It is crucial to note that this is direct, high-quality evidence, but it requires confirmation in larger and more diverse cohorts. The creator adopts an exemplary scientific approach by sharing negative results, which contradicts the often overly optimistic expectations of the wellness community regarding this molecule. There is no exaggeration here, but rather a cautious warning based on primary clinical data.
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Brad Stanfield advises exercising caution with melatonin as a dietary supplement, citing warnings regarding potential health risks and a lack of evidence concerning its long-term effects, while also highlighting a possible correlation with aging.
This advice aligns with increasing caution in scientific research regarding the chronic use of melatonin. While melatonin is useful for adjusting circadian rhythms (e.g., jet lag), its efficacy for chronic sleep issues is debated by health organizations. Recent observational studies have raised questions about potential correlations between long-term use and cardiovascular risks, although these data are preliminary and cannot establish a direct causal link. The critique regarding dosage and quality is well-founded: supplements are often poorly regulated, with actual concentrations varying significantly from the labels. The idea of a direct link to 'aging' is more speculative and often used in the wellness field as an extrapolation of its regulatory roles, although its natural production does indeed decrease with age. In summary, the message is not a prohibition, but a call not to view this product as a harmless or universal solution.
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Reducing LDL cholesterol and ApoB is essential to optimize long-term health and extend lifespan.
The idea that ApoB-containing lipoproteins (including LDL) are causal factors in atherosclerosis is widely supported by the current scientific consensus. Meta-analyses of Mendelian randomization studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), such as those cited by Dr. Peter Attia, confirm that prolonged exposure to high levels of ApoB linearly increases cardiovascular risk. The advice is biologically sound, as reducing these markers effectively decreases plaque formation in the arteries. What might be considered an extrapolation is the claim that this guarantees increased 'longevity,' as longevity depends on numerous other factors (genetics, inflammation, and other chronic diseases). The strategies proposed to achieve this (diet, exercise, treatments) are validated, although the intensity required to reach very low levels remains a subject of clinical debate. In short, the approach is well-grounded in modern cardiovascular prevention.
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Do not get distracted by the controversies surrounding NMN; instead, focus on the fundamental pillars of longevity: diet, exercise, sleep, and a sense of purpose.
This advice aligns with the current scientific consensus in gerontology, which considers lifestyle to be the most powerful lever for metabolic health and longevity. Lifestyle interventions (a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and sleep hygiene) are supported by a vast body of observational literature and numerous meta-analyses showing a significant reduction in the risk of chronic diseases. Unlike supplements such as NMN, which are the subject of active research (early clinical trials in humans, but results on human lifespan remain limited), lifestyle fundamentals have robust and established proof of efficacy. Dr. Matt Kaeberlein and Dr. Morgan Levine, cited by the creator, are recognized experts who advocate for a pragmatic approach focused on 'biological health' rather than miracle solutions. The advice is therefore a sound invitation not to overestimate the impact of supplements compared to proven basics.
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Taking 'combined metabolic activators' (a mixture of compounds such as L-serine, N-acetylcysteine, nicotinamide riboside, and L-carnitine tartrate) reportedly improves cognitive capacity by 29% in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
The creator is referring to a human, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) published in 'Alzheimer's & Dementia' (2024). This research does indeed suggest benefits for cognitive function in patients suffering from mild to moderate cognitive decline by targeting cellular metabolism. What holds up: the methodology is robust (RCT), which is the 'gold standard' for establishing causality. What is potentially exaggerated: while the 29% figure is mentioned in the study, it is crucial to note that it is a study of modest size (n=45) over a short period, which limits the generalization of the results to the entire Alzheimer's population. It is premature to consider this a validated treatment, as larger-phase studies are needed to confirm clinical efficacy and long-term safety. In summary, it is a promising avenue for supporting cellular energy, but it does not yet replace established therapeutic approaches.
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A combination of supplements (L-serine, nicotinamide riboside, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, L-carnitine tartrate), described as combined metabolic activators, improved cognitive function by 29% in patients with Alzheimer's disease in a phase 2 clinical trial.
The 29% figure indeed comes from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial published in Translational Neurodegeneration (Yulug et al., 2023). While the study shows a significant improvement in cognitive scores (ADAS-Cog) compared to baseline, it is important to note that the placebo group also showed a 14% improvement over the same period. The study was small (60 patients) and experienced a higher dropout rate in the treatment group, which limits the scope of the conclusions. Furthermore, the dosages used are very high and do not match typical supplementation standards, which makes comparison with standard daily use complex. While the concept of metabolic activators is being explored to support mitochondrial health, this single phase 2 study does not constitute definitive proof of efficacy for the general public.
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The "lean mass hyper-responder" phenotype (lean individuals on a ketogenic diet with elevated LDL) is associated with faster-than-expected arterial plaque progression.
The advice is based on the results of the 'Keto-CTA' study, a prospective observational study (JACC Advances, 2025) that followed 100 participants. While the researchers noted heterogeneous progression, subsequent critical analyses and experts have highlighted that the observed progression, particularly in non-calcified plaque volume, was faster than what would be expected in metabolically healthy individuals. The study was also criticized for the omission of certain pre-registered initial results, which fueled an intense scientific debate. It is important to note that while LDL-C and ApoB were very high in these subjects, the study did not find a direct correlation between these lipid levels and the rate of plaque progression, suggesting that other factors may be at play. In summary, the statement is firmly anchored in the observed data from this specific study, while remaining at the center of a controversy regarding the interpretation of long-term cardiovascular risks in this particular group.
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It is dangerous and irresponsible to voluntarily expose yourself to the sun without sun protection, as this significantly increases the risks of skin cancer and premature aging.
This advice aligns with a very robust scientific consensus. The World Health Organization (WHO) and dermatology organizations classify UV rays as proven carcinogens, with evidence derived from numerous large-scale observational and epidemiological studies. The link between UV exposure, DNA damage to skin cells, and the development of melanomas or carcinomas is well documented. Regarding aging, photo-aging caused by UVA is a demonstrated phenomenon, where skin elasticity decreases significantly with chronic exposure. While solar exposure is necessary for vitamin D synthesis, experts agree that this does not justify exposure without protection, as alternative methods (diet, supplements) exist without carcinogenic risk. The statement is therefore factually sound, although formulated here in a very direct and polarizing manner.
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The consumption of seed oils (such as canola oil) is not harmful and even improves certain markers of metabolic health, contrary to popular belief.
This advice is based on a solid scientific foundation regarding the replacement of saturated fats (such as ghee) with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), considered the standard of evidence, effectively show that seed oils can help reduce LDL cholesterol and improve insulin sensitivity. The specific study cited by Brad Stanfield highlights benefits for hepatic steatosis, which is consistent with current nutritional recommendations favoring unsaturated lipids. There is no robust clinical evidence in humans validating the thesis of systemic toxicity or chronic inflammation caused by these oils within the context of a balanced diet. The 'fear' narrative surrounding these oils appears to be linked more to isolated theoretical mechanisms (oxidation, omega-6/omega-3 ratio) than to observed public health outcomes. In sum, current science supports that these oils are metabolic allies rather than enemies.
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For longevity, adopt a healthy lifestyle (diet, exercise, sleep, social connection, no alcohol/tobacco) and for the skin, use sun protection, retinoids, as well as hyaluronic acid and collagen supplements.
The foundation of recommendations regarding lifestyle (sleep, physical activity, nutrition) is widely supported by robust literature, notably large-scale observational studies and meta-analyses confirming their role in reducing all-cause mortality. Regarding the skin, the efficacy of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives) and sun protection is firmly established by clinical trials (RCT) for the prevention of skin aging. The use of oral hyaluronic acid and collagen supplements is more nuanced: although certain small clinical studies suggest an improvement in skin hydration or elasticity, the evidence remains limited and often funded by industry players in the sector. It is important to distinguish these supplements from interventions based on stronger evidence such as sun protection. The overall approach is consistent with a proactive vision of well-being, without claiming miracles.
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The optimal LDL-C level for an adult is said to correspond to the level present at birth, which is approximately 20–40 mg/dL.
The idea that very low LDL-C levels (close to those observed at birth, approximately 30–70 mg/dL) are safe and potentially beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk is supported by data from clinical trials on potent lipid-lowering therapies (e.g., PCSK9 inhibitors). While research shows there is no known 'floor threshold' beyond which a decrease in LDL-C would become dangerous, the claim that 20–40 mg/dL is the universal physiological optimum for all adults is an extrapolation. Current evidence primarily comes from populations at high cardiovascular risk treated with medication, rather than from observations of optimal health in the general population without treatment. Furthermore, LDL-C levels in newborns are variable and do not necessarily constitute a standardized therapeutic target for adult metabolic health. Finally, health authorities continue to base treatment goals on overall individual risk rather than a single number for everyone.
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Get vaccinated against the flu and COVID-19 in winter to reduce your own risk of illness and limit transmission to patients.
This advice is based on the fundamental principles of preventive immunology in clinical settings. Vaccines against the flu and COVID-19 are widely supported by meta-analyses and large-scale observational studies as being effective in reducing the severity of symptoms and hospitalizations (Source: Cochrane Library, CDC). The concept of transmission reduction is a validated public health goal, although its effectiveness may vary depending on circulating variants and the duration of the immune response (Source: observational studies published in The Lancet). It is important to note that while vaccination significantly decreases severe cases, it does not completely eliminate the risk of infection or asymptomatic transmission. Brad Stanfield's argument is therefore factually anchored in standard prevention recommendations for healthcare workers. There is no exaggeration here, as the approach is aligned with current data on collective and individual protection.
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Astaxanthin (an Nrf2 activator) and meclizine (an mTORC1 inhibitor) extended the median lifespan of male mice by 12% and 8% respectively within the ITP program.
Brad Stanfield faithfully reports the recent results of the National Institute on Aging's Interventions Testing Program (ITP), which is a solid benchmark in aging research using murine models. These studies are randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in mice, which constitutes robust preclinical evidence for identifying promising candidates. It is crucial to note that these results concern only mice, and there is an immense biological leap between these models and humans. Direct extrapolation to human longevity is therefore a common exaggeration: we do not know if these substances would produce similar effects, nor what the appropriate dosage or long-term safety profile would be in humans. Longevity science is still in an exploratory phase regarding these specific molecules, and no clinical evidence validates these benefits in healthy individuals. The creator remains factual regarding the animal data, but the context suggests immediate applicability that remains to be demonstrated.
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Do not waste your time with the debate over Amazon's ban on NMN; instead, maximize your health by focusing on the fundamentals: diet, exercise, sleep, meditation, life goals, and social connections.
The advice to focus on fundamental pillars (diet, exercise, sleep) is widely supported by scientific research as the foundation of longevity and metabolic health. Regarding NMN, the statement about its 2023 ban on Amazon is factually accurate: it followed an FDA decision to reclassify it as an investigational new drug rather than a dietary supplement. While preclinical studies on mice suggest a promising role for NMN in NAD+ metabolism, clinical evidence in humans remains, to date, limited. There is no solid evidence that NMN 'reverses' aging or extends human life, contrary to what media hype suggests. The creator's emphasis on lifestyle habits rather than a quick-fix supplement is scientifically consistent with current data in gerontology.
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Adopting a more optimistic mindset is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality.
The creator relies on a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, which represents a solid level of evidence for observing long-term correlations. Research does indeed suggest an association between optimism and better health, potentially mediated by healthier lifestyle habits and more effective stress management in optimistic individuals. However, it is important to note that these are observational studies: they demonstrate a correlation but do not prove a direct causal link (it is not the case that deciding to be optimistic mechanically results in living longer). Potential exaggeration lies in the simplification of the message: optimism is not a guarantee of health, but rather a marker often linked to an overall more protective environment or temperament. In sum, science supports the link between psychological well-being and longevity, even if the exact biological mechanisms remain complex and multifactorial.
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Sunscreen, particularly formulas containing bemotrizinol, is the most effective anti-aging product available, surpassing traditional cosmetic solutions.
The idea that sun protection is the number one anti-aging tool is solidly supported by research. Photo-aging, caused by exposure to UV rays, is responsible for a major portion of the visible signs of skin aging, such as wrinkles and spots. Bemotrizinol is a modern UV filter that is photostable and effective against both UVA and UVB rays, and it has been widely used outside the United States for decades. Studies, including randomized clinical trials, confirm that daily use of sun protection significantly reduces skin aging compared to occasional use. Bemotrizinol, recently authorized in the United States, facilitates the creation of more pleasant formulations, which promotes better long-term adherence, a key factor in the success of any routine. The claim is not without foundation, but it primarily underscores the importance of consistent prevention over corrective treatment.
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Getting vaccinated against the flu and receiving the Omicron booster helps minimize sick leave and reduces the risk of complications linked to long COVID.
The advice is based on the logic of individual and collective protection observed in clinical settings. Regarding the reduction of sick leave, several observational studies and meta-analyses confirm that vaccination reduces the incidence of symptomatic infections and symptom severity, allowing for more consistent maintenance of professional activities (Source: Cochrane Library, meta-analyses on flu vaccines). For long COVID, the data are more nuanced but convergent: large-scale observational studies, published in journals such as The Lancet, indicate that vaccination prior to infection effectively reduces the risk of developing persistent symptoms, although the exact efficacy varies by variant. The claim does not assert total immunity, which is consistent with the current scientific consensus. There is no exaggeration here; the creator presents these tools as probabilistic risk-reduction measures rather than absolute shields. Research generally supports this pragmatic approach to managing personal and professional health.
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The creator advises avoiding certain popular supplements, particularly those marketed as "anti-aging" or sold as proprietary blends, because they lack robust evidence, are often over-hyped, or present unnecessary risks.
The creator's approach is based on selecting products according to the lack of rigorous human evidence or data suggesting an unfavorable risk-benefit ratio. He relies on meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to challenge the efficacy of supplements such as certain high-dose antioxidants or unvalidated "anti-aging" compounds, which are often cited in scientific literature as having no significant effect for the general population. Although his position is cautious, it is sometimes criticized for a restrictive interpretation of certain clinical data, particularly regarding nutrients like vitamin D, where results can vary depending on subgroups. The analysis is broadly aligned with the consensus of nutrition experts who recommend prioritizing whole foods over supplements, except in cases of proven deficiency or specific needs. This is not a demolition, but a call for vigilance in the face of the sector's aggressive marketing.
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Vitamin D supplementation can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 15%.
This advice is based on a robust meta-analysis published in the 'Annals of Internal Medicine', which compiled high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The evidence is strong for at-risk populations with prediabetes, in whom vitamin D appears to support metabolic function and insulin sensitivity. It is important to note, however, that this effect is more pronounced in individuals with initial deficiencies or specific metabolic profiles, rather than serving as a universal solution for everyone. The idea that vitamin D acts as a preventive tool is therefore scientifically supported in this specific context. There is no need to speak of exaggeration here, as the creator faithfully cites the statistical results of the study. However, it is always worth remembering that supplementation does not replace fundamental pillars such as physical activity and a balanced diet.
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Reducing added salt and sugar in processed foods will have a significant beneficial impact on public health.
This advice aligns with a robust scientific consensus. Numerous global organizations, including the WHO, recommend limiting the intake of salt and added sugars to prevent chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Observational research and epidemiological studies establish a clear link between the excessive consumption of these components and cardiometabolic risk. The reformulation of processed products to reduce these additives is a strategy recognized by public health policies to improve overall nutritional quality without relying solely on individual behavioral change. Although some food technologists point out that salt and sugar play complex roles in food preservation and structure, technological solutions exist to reduce them gradually. In short, the statement is factual and supported by current global health recommendations.
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Replace standard table salt with a potassium-based substitute (such as potassium chloride) to improve public health.
This recommendation is supported by solid evidence from randomized controlled trials (notably the SSaSS study published in the New England Journal of Medicine), which demonstrate that the partial substitution of sodium with potassium helps reduce blood pressure, as well as the risk of strokes and premature death. The World Health Organization (WHO) has, in fact, integrated this approach into its public health guidelines. However, this advice includes an important caveat: it is not universally applicable to everyone. For individuals suffering from kidney disease, heart failure, or those taking certain medications (such as potassium-sparing diuretics), additional potassium intake can pose a serious risk of hyperkalemia. It is therefore crucial to consult a healthcare professional before making this change, particularly if one has a medical history.
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Combining lifestyle changes (diet and exercise) with pharmacological treatments (metformin and GLP-1) allows for effective management of type 2 diabetes, promoting weight loss and the discontinuation of insulin.
This statement aligns with standard clinical protocols for the management of type 2 diabetes. The efficacy of GLP-1 analogues for weight loss and glycemic control is widely supported by numerous meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials (RCTs), such as those published in the NEJM. Metformin is the first-line treatment validated by medical consensus to improve insulin sensitivity. The positive impact of diet and exercise on HbA1c is also established by a vast body of observational and interventional scientific literature. The potential for overstatement lies in attributing success solely to the combination, as each patient reacts differently; insulin discontinuation must always be medically supervised. The advice is factually sound and reflects common practice in modern metabolic medicine, without esoteric claims.
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Studies suggesting that high protein intake is harmful should be viewed with perspective, as they are often based on limited methodologies (small sample sizes, use of ultra-processed sugary foods) rather than evidence of intrinsic protein toxicity.
Brad Stanfield's analysis correctly highlights that study quality is paramount when interpreting nutritional risks. Large-scale observational studies, such as the meta-analysis published in the BMJ in 2020, have shown that total protein intake is actually associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality risk. Conversely, more recent research suggests that very high protein intakes could, via cellular mechanisms (such as those related to the amino acid leucine), influence certain cardiovascular health markers. However, the current consensus in the wellness field is that protein is essential for preserving muscle mass, particularly with age. The problem often lies in the source: protein-fortified ultra-processed products, which contain added sugars or additives, mask the benefits of natural and healthy protein sources. It is therefore crucial to distinguish raw protein from the processed food in which it is contained.
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Health and longevity rest on fundamental pillars—nutrition, exercise, sleep, meditation, sense of purpose, and social connections—rather than secondary interventions.
Brad Stanfield emphasizes here the importance of fundamental lifestyle determinants, an approach widely validated by scientific literature in public health and gerontology. Robust meta-analyses (e.g., Lancet Public Health) confirm that the combination of regular physical activity, quality sleep, and a balanced diet drastically reduces the risk of chronic diseases. The 'social connections' aspect is supported by long-term observational studies, such as the famous Harvard Study of Adult Development, showing their major impact on mental and physical health. 'Meditation' and 'sense of purpose' (often associated with the concept of ikigai or psychological well-being) show promising results in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for stress management and the reduction of inflammation. The message contains no exaggeration; it simply opposes the marketing noise that oversells miracle solutions at the expense of the basics. It is a holistic vision consistent with the current scientific consensus.
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Nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation in humans shows very few clinically relevant effects, particularly regarding metabolism.
This assessment by Brad Stanfield aligns with a critical review of current scientific literature. Although several studies confirm that NR is an effective precursor for increasing NAD+ levels in the blood, there is a significant gap between this biological increase and concrete benefits for human health. Numerous research studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews, indicate that NR does not produce significant improvements in insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, or body composition in adults. While some preliminary results suggest effects on inflammation or very specific markers in restricted populations, the idea that NR can transform metabolism or general health remains, to date, clinically unproven. Initial enthusiasm, often stemming from studies on animal models, is tempered by more nuanced and often disappointing human results.
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NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) should not be used to prevent or treat lung cancer in humans, as there is no clinical evidence to support this claim, which is based purely on hype.
Brad Stanfield here highlights the lack of clinical evidence in humans regarding the efficacy of NMN in an oncological context. Current research on NMN focuses primarily on energy metabolism and cellular aging via NAD+ levels; studies suggest potential benefits in animal models (preclinical), but data in humans remain limited and do not support any therapeutic application against cancer (clinical trials are ongoing, primarily regarding tolerance). The creator's argument is sound: if a molecule possessed clinically proven anti-cancer properties, it would be integrated into official medical guidelines, which is not the case. It is crucial to distinguish between mechanisms observed in the laboratory (in vitro/in vivo) and actual efficacy in humans. The exaggeration lies in the rapid extrapolation of NMN's metabolic benefits to the specific prevention of serious diseases. This position aligns with the current scientific consensus, which calls for caution regarding supplements that promise major protective effects without validation through randomized controlled trials (RCT).
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Take 5g of creatine, 15g of collagen peptides, 200mg of hyaluronic acid, 5-10g of psyllium, omega-3s, and 1,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily to promote health and longevity.
This selection combines supplements with very uneven evidence. Creatine (5g) is one of the most validated supplements in numerous meta-analyses for muscular performance and, more recently, for cognitive support during stress or fatigue. Psyllium is recognized as an effective fiber (RCTs) for regulating bowel movements and modulating LDL cholesterol. Collagen peptides (15g) and hyaluronic acid (200mg) show encouraging results in clinical trials for skin elasticity and hydration, although the evidence is often derived from industry-funded studies or limited sample sizes. The value of omega-3s is well-established for general health, but the systematic benefits of supplementation for cardiac prevention in the general population remain debated following large Cochrane-type reviews. Finally, vitamin D3 is crucial in cases of proven deficiency, but its systematic intake at 1,000 IU without prior testing is not a consensus for individuals who are already in good health. The creator sometimes extrapolates promising biological mechanisms into universal recommendations, which may simplify the variability of individual needs.
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The Interventions Testing Program (ITP) recently published results showing that Alpha-ketoglutarate, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, Hydralazine, and Sodium thiosulfate have no effect on lifespan, while 16α-Hydroxyestriol and Canagliflozin show sex-dependent effects (beneficial in males, neutral or negative in females).
The cited report indeed originates from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Interventions Testing Program, a robust benchmark in preclinical longevity research using standardized mouse models. The data effectively confirm the absence of a significant effect for the first four substances mentioned under these specific conditions. Regarding Canagliflozin, an antidiabetic drug in the SGLT2 inhibitor class, ITP results indicate an extension of lifespan in male mice, but not in females, which illustrates significant sexual dimorphism. A potential exaggeration to avoid would be to extrapolate these mouse longevity results directly to humans or to daily preventative supplementation. 16α-Hydroxyestriol is an estrogenic metabolite whose observed effects remain purely experimental. It is crucial to note that these studies serve to identify biological leads and not to prescribe wellness protocols for the general public.
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Resistance training (strength training) is described as "the closest thing to a fountain of youth" for preserving physical function and countering the effects of aging.
This advice is supported by a solid scientific consensus regarding the benefits of physical activity on metabolic health, bone density, and the preservation of muscle mass (sarcopenia). Numerous studies, including large-scale observational studies and targeted interventions (RCTs), demonstrate that muscular strength is a key predictor of longevity and autonomy. The "fountain of youth" analogy used by Dr. Schoenfeld is a popularization tool used to highlight the capacity of exercise to reverse certain biological markers of aging at the cellular and functional levels. Although the idea of "rejuvenation" may seem exaggerated in a promotional context, it accurately reflects scientific literature showing that trained older individuals can equal or surpass the physical capacities of sedentary young adults. It is not a miracle cure, but a validated preventive tool that, unlike other "anti-aging" methods, possesses an extremely favorable benefit-risk ratio.
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High-dose spermidine supplementation is useless because it does not increase spermidine levels in blood plasma or saliva in healthy adults.
This advice is based on a randomized controlled trial (RCT) published in 2024 in 'Nature Communications', which examined the pharmacokinetics of spermidine. The results show that even with high doses, the systemic concentration does not rise significantly in participants, suggesting rapid degradation or sequestration by tissues. This observation is solid because it comes from a rigorous protocol, contradicting the idea that direct oral intake mechanically elevates circulating levels. It is important to note that this study focuses on blood and salivary markers, not on potential intracellular cellular effects or long-term benefits on autophagy. The assertion that one should 'stop spending money' is a logical interpretation based on the absence of a measurable increase in classic markers. This is an important nuance: the absence of evidence for a plasma increase does not necessarily mean the total absence of a biological effect, but it seriously calls into question the current supplementation strategy.